This is a great article on Stem Nematode management in the West.  Stem Nematode has been a severe pest in some years throughout California's Central Valley and high mountain valleys.

Stem nematode causes severe stunting, shortened internodes, and low first cut yields and can cause severe stand loss if infections are high.  It's transferred by irrigation water and equipment.  It is typically seen in very late winter or early spring.

Article by Ag Writer Vicky Boyd, in the Crops and Soils Magazine, available at:  https://doi.org/10.1002/crso.20321.

You can view this article by clicking on the link - but printing or downloading allowed only if subscriber (member of the American Society of Agronomy or other methods).  Some great photographs.